This month, the United Kingdom launched a new Strategic Defence Review, taking a significant step towards improving its military capabilities. The plan focuses on strengthening the UK’s readiness to face current and future threats, particularly in the Euro-Atlantic region.
It marks a shift towards more advanced and faster-responding military systems, combining traditional forces with cutting-edge technology. The UK government has committed to increasing defence spending, aiming to exceed the NATO benchmark by 2027.
This review will reshape how the UK plans to defend itself, blending new technologies like drones, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital warfare with conventional military forces.
Major Defence Investments and Commitments
The UK has committed to raising its defence spending to 2.5% of its GDP by 2027, surpassing NATO’s 2% target. There’s also the possibility of increasing this to 3% depending on the country’s economic situation.
This investment will be used to develop a military that focuses on “warfighting readiness,” which includes integrating conventional forces with new digital technologies.
These advancements aim to speed up military operations, with a particular focus on fast procurement times, measured in months instead of years.
Modernizing the Air Force with Next-Generation Aircraft
One of the significant areas of focus in the review is modernising the Royal Air Force (RAF). The UK plans to enhance its fleet with next-generation fast jets, including upgraded F-35 Lightning jets.
These F-35s are capable of vertical take-offs and landings, making them ideal for short-field bases and air-capable ships in the Royal Navy. The UK has already committed to receiving 138 F-35s, which will be jointly operated by the Royal Navy and the RAF.
However, experts have raised concerns about the possible control Lockheed Martin, the manufacturer of the F-35, might have over the aircraft’s software updates, although the company denies this.
Alongside the F-35, the UK is also looking towards phasing out the current Eurofighter Typhoon by the 2030s and replacing it with sixth-generation fighters through the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP).
This partnership, involving the UK, Japan, and Italy, aims to create advanced aircraft with features like thrust vectoring for stealth, enhanced engines, and even the ability to deploy drones. These fighters are expected to be operational by 2035, with a substantial investment already in place.
Strengthening the Navy with New Submarines
The UK’s Royal Navy is also part of this strategic overhaul. The country plans to integrate advanced submarines into its fleet, focusing on nuclear-powered attack submarines. The goal is to build up to 12 submarines under the AUKUS agreement, with one new submarine delivered every 18 months.
This ambitious target is expected to bring significant job opportunities, including apprenticeships and graduate roles in submarine manufacturing, although experts have noted that meeting these goals may require substantial changes in military culture and strategy.
Adopting Lessons from the Ukraine Conflict
The UK’s new defence strategy also draws lessons from the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, where technology, drones, and digital warfare have played a crucial role. Ukraine’s success with drones, in particular, has influenced the UK’s strategy.
The UK plans to double its investment in autonomous systems and AI, which will play a central role in its future military operations. The focus will be on enhancing the use of drones for surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeted attacks, among other roles.
Furthermore, the UK intends to set up a new “Defence Uncrewed Systems Centre” by next February to accelerate the development and deployment of autonomous systems.
The country also plans to replicate Ukraine’s approach to speeding up defence innovation by establishing a Defence AI Investment Fund to support the rapid development and adoption of AI technologies in military operations.
A Stronger and More Flexible UK Military
The UK’s new Strategic Defence Review represents a major shift towards a more modern, technology-driven military force. With increased defence spending, next-generation aircraft, advanced submarines, and an emphasis on drones and AI, the UK is preparing for a future where speed and innovation are key.
The lessons learned from Ukraine and the focus on faster, more flexible defence procurement are crucial to staying ahead of global threats.
While the path forward is challenging, the UK is clearly committed to building a military capable of facing modern-day challenges head-on, securing its position on the world stage.
